Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanin in certain areas of the skin, leading to white patches. Its management remains a challenge; however, recent advances in therapeutic approaches offer new hope for patients.
New Therapeutic Approaches
JAK (Janus Kinase) inhibitors
JAK inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib, have shown promising results in the treatment of vitiligo. Ruxolitinib cream (Opzelura) has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo in individuals aged 12 years and older. The cream is applied topically to affected areas with the goal of inducing repigmentation. In Greece, 1.5% ruxolitinib cream is now available and has demonstrated effectiveness in managing vitiligo.
Phototherapy
Narrowband UVB (nbUVB) phototherapy remains one of the mainstay treatments for vitiligo. This therapy promotes repigmentation, especially when combined with topical treatments such as corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Phototherapy is particularly effective in areas such as the face and neck.
Microbiome-based therapy
Recent studies have shown that natural compounds derived from gut-friendly bacteria may slow the progression of vitiligo and support repigmentation. Although research is still in early stages, these findings open new perspectives for vitiligo treatment.
Surgical interventions
In cases where other treatments are ineffective, surgical procedures such as melanocyte transplantation may be considered. These interventions aim to restore pigmentation in areas affected by vitiligo.
The choice of treatment depends on multiple factors, including the extent and location of lesions, the patient’s age, and response to previous therapies. Collaboration with an experienced dermatologist is essential for developing an individualized treatment plan.